FST 52 8-28-09

•Sudden Death Syndromes are the #1 causes of Deaths in Firefighters. Heart attacks.

LODD “Line of Duty Deaths”:

•2007

115 Firefighters Fatalities

•2009

114 Firefighters Fatalities

9 Deaths

•Two factors that increase rate of burning:

AIR and EXPOSED WOOD SURFACES

• Shut off utilities before entering Fire Scene

• Shock waves can cause secondary collapse.

• Rubble is a big contributor to secondary collapse.

• Cellars must be searched for occupancies because this area creates the largest & strongest void in a collapsed building.

• Carbon Monoxide is the biggest component that kills firefighters.

• Additional below grade problems:

Toxic liquids & Electrical Liquids

Gas

Always need to have:

Search ropes/SCBA/Lights/Radio

• Freelancing is deadly.

• No more of “put the wet stuff on the red stuff.” Fire are far more advanced today and deadly.

•Building builders build buildings to KILL firefighters (lol). Now there are les & less materials engineered in buildings, making them both more fragile and volatile.

• Candle Lever Collapse is when two floors collapsed onto each other. Void spaces are created which need to be cut through.

FST 55 9-9-09

Class A fire extinguisher are rated from 1a to 40a

1A =  1 1/4 gallons of water

2A = 21/2 gallons of water

40A = 50 Gallons

6A is the biggest size in a water extinguisher.

Our classroom dry chem extinguisher is a 2A.

To get an extinguisher rated, it has to pass a

crib test -douglas fir blocks stacked 8 by 8 until 80 times

wall panel test -will excelsior fuel at bottom of wall

excelsior fuel test -ordinary random combustible trash

Heptane Pan Test

Alkane with 7 carbons.

Heptane is the flammable liquid that is used to test extinguishers for CLASS B fires.

Multipurpose Dry Chem 2A 10BC Extinguisher is the main extinguisher used in houses today.

Types of Building Hazards:

Light Hazard

Moderate Hazard

High Hazard

For a light hazard, 75 feet from entrance to the extinguisher is the requirement. Also applies to obstructed pathways, too. Also considered at least one extinguisher (multipurpose dry chem 2A 10BC) every 3000 Sq Feet. All extinguishers has to be well visible, and signage has to be clearly visible if the fire extinguiser is in a cabinet or drawer. If inside a closet, the clost can NOT have any locking mechanisms, and has to be accessible at all times. Anything besides this is in violation of the Fire Code. When the extinguisher is under 40 pounds, it must be situation in a cabinet or drawer no higher than 5 feet, and no lower than 3.5 feet. If the extinguisher is above 40 pounds must be at highest, 3.5 feet, and no lower than 4 inches from the ground.

FST 55 8-26-09

Fire Triangle

Heat

Oxygen

Fuel

KEY VOCABULARY

Ignition Temperature

Flashover

Convection

Friction:

the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another

Pyrophoric Reaction:

liable to ignite spontaneously on exposure to air

Conduction:

when heat is transmitted through a substance

Radiation:

heat expanding every which way from the origin

Latent Heat of Vaporization:

the heat required to convert a solid into a liquid or vapor, or a liquid into a vapor, without change of temperature

Specifc Gravity:

greater than 1 will sink, less than 1 will float

Miscible:

mixable with water

Vapor Density: the density of a particular gas or vapor relative to that of hydrogen at the same pressure and temperature.

High Expansion Foams

have a 1000:1 Expansion Rate

The 3 old/traditional Stages of Fire

Incipient

Free Burning

Smoldering

Modern Stages of Fire

Ingnition

Growth Stage

Flashpoint

Fully Developed

Rollover

FST 51 9-11-09

Types of FF occupations

Sleeper Program

Paid On Call

Paid Professional

Volunteer

Reserves

Different Types of Fire Organizations

Municipal

County

J.P.A.

Special/Independant District

Multi Service District

State

Federal

Us Forest Service

BLM

National Parks

DOD

Span of Control

Manageably 1-7

Management By Objectives

Setting Objectives that are Reachable Goals.

Leadership Styles

Autocratic

Democratic

Laizzez Faire

Theory X Theory Y

X is Aggresive, directive and sudden with consequences presented intially.

Y is Chiller, more directed towards trust of the employee.

Planning Cycle

Plan – Prepare – Implement – Evaluate

3 Branches of Fire Service

Operations -Line Personnel Fighting Fire/Working EMS

Administrative -Work a 40 hour work week

Prevention -Public education and enforcement of the fire code.

The best leaders are those who are flexible, and know when to lead.

A good leader knows when to lead.

FST 51 10-16-09

ON SCENE REPORTING TECHNIQUES

________________________________

Declare Dispatcher or Frequency:

Control 1, Control 2

Communication

Comms

Dispatch

IDENTIFIRES: Which resource or apparatus are you?

E-1

E402

Pumper 12

Rescue 1

Truck 8

Ambulance 98

DECLARE where you are:

Enroute -How far away from incident

Onscene

Report Something

ON SCENE what are you going report to communications (Where size up begins):

Construction Type

Size

Occupancy Types

IE: 4 Story, Type 3, Multi-Family Residential Occupancy

2 Story, Type 5, Single Family Dwelling

1 Story, Type 2 Tilt up Construction, Large Warehouse

What do you see?

Smoke

Fire

Explosions

Structure Failure

Fire, Partially Involved (no need to mention)

Fire, Fully Involved (need to mention)

Where do I see it?

Roof

Side A, B, C, D

Actions

Rescue Mode

Investigation Mode

Fire Attack

Where

Defensive Mode

Where

Protect Exposures

Declare Activation of ICS

“(I.E.) E1 Working Fire Declaring Post Command, Activate ICS E1 is Now In Command

-OR Pass Command verbally or physically to another Engine en Route or in Person.”

Why you are taking your actions?

“Going into rescue mode because there are victims trapped on the roof.

(I.E.) Engine 26, we have a report of victims inside, we will be assuming rescue.”

And example set of reporting IDs that are needed to give communications an accurate description of where you and your crew are:

TYPE 5

SINGLE STORY

RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURE

ALPHA SIDE (A) THROUGH WINDOWS

REPORT BABY INSIDE-SCREAMING MOTHER

ENGINE 1

CONTROL 1

ADDRESS: 221 7th Street

FST 51 10-1-09

RECEO VS

RECEO VS should be used in all on scene rescue situations.

“RECEO VS” stands for:

Resuce

Exposure

Containment

Extinghuisgerment

Overhaulo

Ventilation

Salvalge

Rescue

Pikepole Search

OATH -1tug, ok, 2 tugs add slack, 3 tugs, take slask, 4 tugs, help!

Chalk

Exposures

Direct Contact

Radiation

Conduction

Convection

Containment

Extinghuisgerment

Overhaul

Truck Company does it

Ensure that the fire is out

Eliminate any additional water damage

Building is safe, and habitable.

Securing the building

Roof Venting

Assigned to the truck company

Scuttle hatches and skylights can be utilized

Louvering Technique

Trench cut is used when needed and when ordered

Vertical openings

Horizontal ventilation may be necessary.